Condoms: How They Work, Effectiveness, Types, & More

A condom works, when worn correctly, as a barrier to prevent sperm and bodily fluids from entering the vagina upon ejaculation, during sex, reducing the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Made from materials like latex, polyurethane, or polyisoprene, condoms provide a protective layer while allowing intimacy. Proper use—checking for damage, using the right size, and applying lubricant—ensures maximum effectiveness.

Additionally, they can be used with other forms of contraception, including: 

• The pill
• Mini pill
• Intrauterine devices (IUD)
• Implants
• Injections
• Vaginal rings

The effectiveness of condoms depends on correct and consistent use, as well as the type of condom being used. 

Effectiveness for pregnancy prevention

When used correctly every time, male condoms are 98% effective in preventing pregnancy. But people aren’t perfect, so in real life, condoms are about 87% effective — that means about 13 out of 100 people who use condoms as their only birth control method will get pregnant each year due to inconsistent or improper use.

To maximize effectiveness:

• Use a new condom every time you have sex.
• Ensure proper application and removal.
• Check the expiration date and store condoms properly.
• Use water-based or silicone-based lubricants with condoms to prevent breakage.

For even greater protection, condoms can be combined with another contraceptive method (such as birth control pills or an IUD) to reduce the risk of pregnancy further.

Protection Against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Condoms are highly effective at preventing STIs, including HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HPV. Latex and polyurethane condoms provide a barrier that blocks the transmission of bodily fluids, reducing the risk of infection.

However, their effectiveness varies depending on the STI:

• Highly Effective for STIs Transmitted Through Fluids – Condoms provide excellent protection against HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, as these infections spread through bodily fluids.
• Less Effective for Skin-to-Skin STIs – Some STIs like herpes, HPV, and syphilis can be transmitted through skin contact. If sores or infected areas are outside the condom’s coverage, transmission is still possible.

Using condoms consistently and correctly remains one of the best ways to reduce STI risks, especially when combined with regular STI testing and safe sexual practices.

Some of the most basic types of condoms include: 

1. Latex condoms 

The most widely used type, latex condoms, are made from natural rubber and are highly effective against pregnancy and STIs. They are affordable, stretchy, and durable. 

Still, some people may experience latex allergies, requiring an alternative material such as polyurethane or polyisoprene, an artificial version of latex. 

Latex condoms should only be used with water-based or silicone-based lubricants, as oil-based lubricants can weaken the material and cause breakage.

2. Textured condoms (Ribbed & Dotted)

Textured condoms, also known as enhanced condoms, are designed to enhance pleasure. They feature ribs, dots, or unique surface patterns that provide extra stimulation for both partners. 

Ribbed condoms have raised ridges, while dotted condoms have small bumps to increase friction. These condoms are available in various materials and are popular among couples seeking added sensation. You can learn more about their benefits right here!  

3. Ultra-thin condoms

Ultra-thin condoms, such as Durex Invisible Extra Thin, are designed to maximize sensitivity while still providing a high level of security and protection. However, due to their thinness, they may be slightly more prone to breakage, requiring careful handling.

4. Flavored condoms

Flavored condoms, such as Durex Strawberry Flavored Condoms, are lubricated with lubricants of various flavors like strawberry, mint, and chocolate, making them ideal for oral sex. They help mask the taste of latex and make the experience more enjoyable. 

While they protect STIs, they should be used with caution during vaginal or anal sex, as some added sugars in the flavoring may cause irritation or infections.

5. Internal condoms 

Unlike male condoms, female contrceptive methods, such as female condoms (or internal condoms) are worn inside the vagina to create a barrier against sperm and STIs. 

Made from polyurethane or nitrile, they offer 95% effective protection comparable to male condoms with perfect use. They can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex and provide a more natural feeling, but some users find them harder to insert and keep in place.

If you are unsure how to use condoms, follow these steps to ensure correct usage:

1. Always check the expiry date before use, as expired condoms can break easily. Ensure the package is sealed and undamaged to guarantee effectiveness.
   
   
2. Open the package gently with your fingers; avoid using sharp objects like jewelry, fingernails, or teeth, as this may damage the condom.
   
   
3. Unroll the condom slightly to check that the rolled edge faces outward. If placed incorrectly, discard and use a new one.
   
   
4. Pinch the tip of the condom to remove air and leave room for semen. Roll it all the way down to the base of the erect penis.
   
   
5. Apply water-based or silicone-based lubricants for comfort and to prevent breakage. Avoid oil-based lubricants with latex condoms, as they weaken the material. Don’t apply lubricant (lube) inside the condom – it may cause slippage, making the condom less effective.
   
   
6. After ejaculation, hold the condom at the base while withdrawing to prevent slipping.
   
   
7. Tie the condom in a knot, wrap it in tissue, and dispose of it in the trash (not the toilet).